Speech compression system

ABSTRACT

The generation of a set of a certain kind of coefficients related to the speech signal is obtained by simultaneously operating upon a sample of the speech signal with a set of orthogonal random functions derived from a white noise source and the white noise itself. These coefficients are sequentially AM or FM modulated for transmission by any suitable means. The transmitted signal is received and demodulated and sequentially processed through the system of this invention to recover the coefficients which are related to and can be used with a second source of white noise to reconstruct the original speech signal. The speech compression is accomplished by utilizing the coefficients as the information carrier source and later at the receiving ends to reconstruct the speech signal from these coefficients to obtain the vocal intelligence.

O United States Patent [1 1 [111 3,833,767

Wolf Sept. 3, 1974 SPEECH COMPRESSION SYSTEM [76] Inventor: Alfred A. Wolf, RFD 3, Box 327, Exam'7e'Ra1Ph Blakeslee Annapolis M d 21403 Asszstant Exammer-Bradford Leaheey Attorney, Agent, or FirmR. S. Sciascia; Q. E. Hodges [22] Filed: Dec. 8, 1972 [211 App]. No.: 313,239 [57] ABSTRACT Related U.S. Application Data The generation of a set of a certain kind of coeffi- [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 191,003, Oct. 20, ciems related to Speech Signal is Obtained y 1971, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. multaneously operatmg p a Sample of the Speech 155,988, June 23, 1971. signal with a set of orthogonal random functions derived from a white noise source and the white noise [52] U.S. Cl. 179/15.55 R, 179/15 BC itself. These coefficients are sequentially AM or FM [51] Int. Cl. H04b 1/66 modulated for transmission by any suitable means. [58] Field of Search 179/ 15 BC, 1 SA, 15.55 T, The transmitted signal is received and demodulated 179/ 15.55 R and sequentially processed through the system of this v invention to recover the coefficients which are related [56] References Cited to and can be used with a second source of white UNITED STATES PATENTS noise to reconstruct the original speech signal. The 2 098 956 [1937 Dudle 1.19/1 SA speech compression is accomplished by utilizing the 3:025:350 3/1962 BC coefficients as the information carrier source and later 3,204,035 8/1965 Ballard 179/15 BC at the receiving ends to reconstruct the Speech Signal 3,360,610 12 1967 Flanagan 179 1 A from these coefficients to obtain the vocal intelli- 3,384,71S 5/1968 Higuchi l79/l5 BC gence. 3,488,445 l/l970 Chang... 179/15 BC 3,746,791 7 1973 Wolf 179 1 SA 10 Claims, 4 Drawmg Figures I4 SPEECH (n MULT'PL'ER i TIME-t SIGNAL TEMPORAL O a (SAMPLE AVERAGER LENGTH T l6 M T TIME MULTIPLIER b TEMPORAL AVERAGER 2 0 0 AVE AGER AUSSIAN WEIITE NOISE 0) ORTHOGONAL SOURCE FILTER (SPECTRAL DENSITY N2) PAIENTEB 3.833.767

SHEET 20F 2 ll l3 l5 2 I SPEECH ExTRACTION I SEQUENTIAL AM OR FM COEFFICIENTS I PROCESSOR MODULATOR TO I GENERATOR an I TRANSMITTER l7 SEQUENTIAL T" 2 CLOCK I f l I I I I ...02 RECEIVER DEMODULATOR AIvI OR FM DEPROCESSOR I I I '-.'-n

./25 Fla 3 CLOCK a SPEECH 2 I v SPEECH RECgtlggFgCTED EXTRACTION I RECONSTRUCTION SYSTEM SYSTEM P T 28 WHITE NOISE Fla 4 SOURCE SPEECH COMPRESSION SYSTEM This application is a continuation -in-part of application Ser. No. 191,003, filed Oct. 21, 1971 which was a continuation -in-part of application Ser. No. 155,988, filed June 23, 1971.

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The increasing demands of the commumications industry for ways to transmit information and the crowding of the radio frequency spectrum, especially of speech conveyed information, makes it highly desirable to compress speech into as narrow a bandwidth as possible while transmitting the full range of information. This also decreases the power requirements to transmit a given piece of information.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention involves the application of the structure and techniques of the parent applications to the particular problem of speech compression. By utilizing the speech coefficients as information carrying elements of the transmitted signal it is possible to drastically narrow the bandwidths in comparison with conventional modes of transmitting information, the bandwidth required to transmit the required information, thereby accomplishing a significant speech compression.

It is an object of this invention to provide a system of speech transmission which reduces the bandwidth required to transmit speech signals.

Still another object of this invention is to transmit speech related signals which permit the reconstruction of the original speech.

It is also an object of this invention to provide a system including means to reduce speech to a set of speech coefficients which can be transmitted and utilized by a second means to reconstruct the original speech.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram of the means for obtaining a set of speech extraction coefficients from speech.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system for processing the speech extraction coefficients for transmittal.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a system for receiving and deprocessing a signal transmitted by radio from the system of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a system for reconstructing speech from a set of speech extraction coefficients.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to FIG. 1, where the system is generally designated as l 1, there is shown a source of speech signal having a sample length T This signal which may be represented as a function of time, x(t), is multiplied simultaneously in multipliers 4, 6, ...8, etc. by a set of random orthogonal functions of time, V,,(t) where n l, 2, 3..., generated from a white noise source by the application of a set of orthogonal filters such as are disclosed in application Ser. No. 191,003. The number of multipliers and outputs from the orthogonal filters being determined by the degree of fidelity required in the reproduction of the speech signal or the numbers of samples required to transmit the information. Each of the multiplier outputs is processed through its respective temporal averager 14, l6, 18 such as described in the referenced applications to generate as outputs the speech extraction coefficients a a a A speech extraction coefficient is defined herein as the temporal average of the product of a sample function from a set of orthogonal noise sample functions and a speech signal sample function. The operation of this system is more fully described in copending applications Ser. Nos. 191,003 and 155,988.

These speech extraction coefficients can be thought of as a set of generalized Fourier coefficients a a ...a,, which are slowly varying time functions given by the following equations:

a,.=% f: momma:

in which X(t) is a sample of speech of length T and V,,(t); n 1, 2, 3... are the set of outputs from the orthogonal filters in response to white noise, shown in block 12 of FIG. 1. Since these coefficients are very slowlyvarying time functions they have very narrow bandwidth requirements. For example, the bandwidth for containing these functions may be of the order of 5 HZ.

Referring now to FIG. 2, the system of FIG. 1 is designated as block 11 the outputs of which are fed to a sequential processor which is a device driven by a clock 17 for sequentially gating the speech extraction coefficients to a modulator circuit 15 which modulates a carrier signal for transmission by any suitable means such as radio, telephone, light beam, etc. Such modulation may be either amplitude or frequency modulation.

The transmitted modulated signal is received by a system such as shown in FIG. 3, for radio signals. The signal transmitted by the system of FIG. 2 is received by antenna 19 and fed to receiver 21, both of which may be of conventional design. The received signal is appropriately demodulated in block 22 and sequentially processed by the Sequential Deprocessor 23 which is driven by clock 25 to reproduce the speech extraction coefficients a,, a ...a,,. These coefficients are utilized in a speech reconstruction system shown in FIG. 4 as block 27 to operate on the output of a source of white noise, 28 to reconstruct the original speech.

In FIG. 4 the block 26 may be the receiver system of FIG. 3 or any suitable receiving means for the transmitted speech extraction coefficients. For a more detailed description of the speech reconstruction system, reference is made to FIG. 5 of application Ser. No. 155,988 and the description in the specification of that application relating thereto.

The system of this invention utilizes the invention of application Ser. No. 191,003 now US. Pat. No. 3,800,093 to generate a set of speech coefficients which are used to modulate a suitable transmission carrier and the invention of application Ser. No. 155,988

now US. Pat. No. 3,746,791 to reconstruct the speech.

Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

What is claimed is:

l. A speech compression system including:

first means to receive a speech signal and to generate a set of speech extraction coefficients from said speech signal;

second means connected to said first means for transmitting said set of coefficients, said second means having an output;

third means for receiving the output of said second means; fourth means connected to said third means for reconstructing a speech signal corresponding to the speech signal received by said first means;

whereby the bandwidth required to transmit each said speech extraction coefficient is narrower than the bandwidth required to transmit said speech signal.

2. The system of claim 1 in which the first means includes an orthogonal filter.

3. A system as claimed in claim 2 in which said coefficients are very slowly varying functions of time.

4. A system as claimed in claim 3 in which the time function of the coefficients are given by the equations fi ff vm w 62:}. K momm where X (t) is a sample of speech signal of said length T V,,(t); n l, 2, 3... are the set of outputs of an orthogonal filter in response to white noise and a n 1, 2, 3...are said set of coefficients.

5. A system as claimed in claim 2 in which said third means includes an orthogonal filter, said orthogonal filter of said third means having the same transfer characteristic as said orthogonal filter of said first means.

6. A system as claimed in claim 1in @Bihsii first means includes a white noise source of spectral power density N watts per cycle.

' 7. A system as claimed in claim 6Y5 wfii'hialifi'rd' means includes a source of white noise of a spectral power density ll'N watts per cycle.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the step breads mitting said speech extraction coefficients includes the step of sequentially processing said coefficients.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of receiv ing said coefficients includes the step of sequentially deprocessing said coefficients.

UNITED STATES IATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent NO. ,76 I Dated September 3, 1974 Inventor(s) Alfred A. WOlf It is certifiedthat error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

The term of this patent subsequent to July 17, 1990, has been disclaimed.

Signed and sealed this 20th day of May 1975.

(SEAL) Attest:

C. MARSHALL DANN RUTH C. MASON Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer and Trademarks FORM PO-IOSO (1049) USCOMNPDC 60376 pe9 u,s sovsmmzm PRINTING orncs: 8 G 9 93 o 

1. A speech compression system including: first means to receive a speech signal and to generate a set of speech extraction coefficients from said speech signal; second means connected to said first means for transmitting said set of coefficients, said second means having an output; third means for receiving the output of said second means; fourth means connected to said third means for reconstructing a speech signal corresponding to the speech signal received by said first means; whereby the bandwidth required to transmit each said speech extraction coefficient is narrower than the bandwidth required to transmit said speech signal.
 2. The system of claim 1 in which the first means includes an orthogonal filter.
 3. A system as claimed in claim 2 in which said coefficients are very slowly varying functions of time.
 4. A system as claimed in claim 3 in which the time function of the coefficients are given by the equations
 5. A system as claimed in claim 2 in which said third means includes an orthogonal filter, said orthogonal filter of said third means having the same transfer characteristic as said orthogonal filter of said first means.
 6. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which said first means includes a white noise source of spectral power density N2 watts per cycle.
 7. A system as claimed in claim 6 in which said third means includes a source of white noise of a spectral power density 1/N2 watts per cycle.
 8. A method of communication and speech compression comprising the steps of: producing a set of speech extraction coefficients from a speech signal such that each said coefficient has narrower transmission bandwidth requirements than said speech signal; transmitting said speech extraction coefficients; receiving said speech extraction coefficients; reconstructing said speech signal from said speech extraction coefficients.
 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of transmitting said speech extraction coefficients includes the step of sequentially processing said coefficients.
 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of receiving said coefficients includes the step of sequentially deprocessing said coefficients. 